Identity / Permissions
SuperUser
- Users have permission to view, edit, & execute (files, folders or programs)
- 'SuperUser' = Unix term, synonymous with: root {no restrictions}
- never log on as root account, unless you have to {potential disaster}
- log on as root = loss of all default security protections that Linux provides
[user]$ sudo ls
Password:*****
Hash (#) rather than dollar ($) sign
indicative of SuperUser mode at command prompt
If problem with above, see section 'configuring sudo' & try:
[user]$ suPassword:*****
[root]#
some programs usually run as root
= may appear to be missing
reason: list of places Linux looks for executables (PATH environment variable), does not contain /sbin or /usr/sbin
Solution: keying in full path for commands
eg. for command like shutdown
Alternative: /sbin/shutdown
EXIT SuperUser Mode
[root]# exit [user]$---------------------
LINUX
= several kinds of packages= each distribution has its own preferred package format
STANDARD LINUX PACKAGES
= standard package format: RPM (as per Linux Standard Base)
= RPM (Red Hat developed - used: Fedora, Mandriva, Red Hat, SUSE)
= RPM package file name eg: program-version-other.rpm
DEBIAN PACKAGES - APT (Advanced Packaging Tool)
= first to intro: automatic dependency resolution & signed packages
= used by Debian GNU/Linux & distributions based on it, eg. Ubuntu, Knoppix, & Mepis.
= Debian package file name eg: program-version-other.deb
*need to become SuperUser to install software
DEBIAN COMMANDS
Protocol:
1) Sign in as SuperUser
2) install
3) update package database
4) upgrade all packages that have patches or security updates to install
5) Exit SuperUser mode
ENTER SuperUser Mode
[user]$ sudo ls
Password:*****
1. INSTALLapt-get install ${packagename}
2. UPDATE
apt-get update
3. UPGRADE - GLOBAL
apt-get update; apt-get upgrade
EXIT SuperUser Mode[root]# exit [user]$
4. REMOVE
apt-get remove ${packagename}
---------------------
SOURCE
http://www.control-escape.com/linux/lx-swinstall.htm
